Explain in detail the state of insurgency a North Eastern India

India is a multiparty, federal, parliamentary democracy with a bicameral legislature. The president, elected by an electoral college composed of the state assemblies and parliament, is the head of state, and the prime minister is the head of the government. Under the constitution the 29 states and seven union territories have a high degree of autonomy and have primary responsibility for law and order. Voters elected President Ram Nath Kovind in July to a five-year term, and Narendra Modi became prime minister following the victory of the National Democratic Alliance coalition led by the Bharatiya Janata Party in the 2014 general elections. Observers considered these elections, which included more than 551 million participants, free and fair despite isolated instances of violence. The security environment  for civilians was further strengthened as SFs continued to consolidate their position on the ground through 2017.

On 18 February 2018, NCP candidate Jonathone N Sangma and his two security guards, and the driver were killed in an IED attack. On 18 March 2015, the government of Meghalaya sanctioned the creation of a new counter insurgency battalion, known as Special Force 10, the unit will receive, riot management, jungle and urban warfare training. On 2 March 2015, a bomb blast wounded two petrol pump employees in the West Khasi Hills district, the owner of the pump had previously fallen victim of extortion attempts by GNLA militants. On 18 December 2014, the Indian military killed two UALA fighters in the village of Thanti Pick Hills, Goalpara district, Assam. On 1 May 2014, a GNLA training officer was killed in the aftermath of an army raid on a GNLA camp in the area of Chokpot, IED and communication equipment was also confiscated. On 12 October 2008, policemen shot and killed top PLF-M commander Pollendro Marak, in the aftermath of an encounter in the area of the Boganol village, East Garo Hills.
Arrested Sangma was a DSP in Meghalaya police and created the insurgency group GNLA in 2009. Meghalaya police arrested Changma in 2011 when he was pushed back to Indian territory by the Bangladesh security forces. Out on bail after a brief stint in jail, the insurgency leader Changma is involved in the FICN racket. Major militant outfits, namely, Garo National Liberation Army and Hynniewtrep National Liberation Council , a Khasi Militant group are active in the State of Meghalaya.

This network of  autonomous insurgencies has hindered collective solutions and has presented foreign instigators with an opportunity to selectively target ripe factions to make mischief for India. Both Assam and Meghalaya police were engaged in counter-insurgency operations against Karbi Peoples Liberation Tigers militants after local residents complained of being harassed and extorted by them in the past weeks. NCP candidate Jonathone N Sangma and three others were killed in an IED blast triggered by militants in the Samanda area of East Garo Hills district around 8 pm on February 18. It is a cause of worry for India that at least 1,500 Rohingya Muslims, escap­ing from the violence-prone Rakhine province, West Myanmar, are believed to have entered the country illegally.
Chief Minister Himanta Biswa Sarma has appealed to the Paresh faction to join the talks, though there has been no positive response. The pro-talks faction, meanwhile, is also reported to be unhappy as it believes there has been no progress even after the government changed at the Centre. Despite being rich in resources, the Northeast remains underdeveloped, and the rise of various militant groups has only created more problems for the people of the region. The Centre — both under the Congress-led UPA and the BJP-led NDA — has encouraged peace efforts to end the insurgencies. The region was largely ignored by New Delhi in the past, but there has been more focus on Northeast since 2014, after the Narendra Modi government came to power.

Mining, construction activity and business attracts a large number of immigrants, who stay there for long periods. A development strategy in which the locals lose out both in numbers and positions of economic power is clearly ruled out. Sadly, of the two foremost stalwarts of the HNLC – Cheristerfield Thangkhiew and Julius Dorphang, one died in an encounter last year and another is serving jail time for raping a minor girl. It would be a good learning curve for those in government to hear from the surrendered militants as to why they chose the path that is fraught with risks.
These plans, named after the Tamil word for “happily married woman,” are a form of bonded labor in which young women or girls work to earn money for a dowry to be able to marry. The promised lump-sum compensation ranged from 80,000 to 100,000 rupees ($1,300 to $1,600), which is normally withheld until the end of three to five years of employment. While in bonded labor, employers reportedly subjected women to serious workplace abuses, severe restrictions on freedom of movement and communication, sexual abuse, sexual exploitation, sex trafficking, and being killed.
An Assam-based journalist published similar reports of liaison meetings between Chinese intelligence and rebels in Taga until the camp was dismantled by the Burmese military, also known as the Tatmadaw, in 2019. Under increased pressure in 2020 many guerrilla leaders reportedly fled to Chinese safe houses and hospitals. By November 2020, Indian intelligence agencies concluded that multiple northeastern groups received training and weapons from China. The diplomatic and political initiative with the Myanmar government has yielded some results and Myanmar Government has signed a ceasefire agreement with NSCN and given a deadline to METI insurgents of Manipur. But, because of their ethnic proximity and political compulsions, these groups have relocated themselves closer to the border which makes it easy for them to carry out attacks on Indian security forces.

Most of these groups were fighting either for regional autonomy, a separate state, or complete regional independence. The Northeast and the Maoist insurgencies have posed major security threats to the Indian state since the 1950s and late 1960s. In 2012, the Home Minister of India declared the Maoist insurgency as the ‘most formidable security challenge facing the country’ . In República Square in the downtown Centro neighbourhood, African migrants sell clothes - some of them counterfeit designer wear,, some not - and handicrafts. Abu, 37, from Thiès in western Senegal, came to Brazil in 2010 with the hope that World Cup would make Brazil a prosperous country and offer him a new life.
In March the Ministry of Labor and Employment added 16 industries and 59 processes to the list of hazardous industries where employment of children below the age of 18 is prohibited and where children under 14 are prohibited from helping, including family enterprises. The law, however, permits employment of children in family-owned enterprises, involving nonhazardous activities, after school hours. Authorities generally prosecuted and punished individuals responsible for intimidation or suppression of legitimate trade union activities in the industrial sector. Civil judicial procedures addressed abuses because the Trade Union Act does not specify penalties for such abuses. Specialized labor courts adjudicate labor disputes, but there were long delays and a backlog of unresolved cases.

The comments posted here/below/in the given space are not on behalf of Organiser. According to the central government's IT rules, obscene or offensive statement made against a person, religion, community or nation is a punishable offense, and legal action would be taken against people who indulge in such activities. Meghalaya was once ruled by the ancient tribes known as the Khasis, Jaintias and Garos. During the British Raj, these kingdoms came under the administration of the British Raj. Further in 1935 the Britishers incorporated Meghalaya in the territory of Assam.
Some women reportedly were pressured to have tubal ligations, hysterectomies, or other forms of sterilization because of the payment structures for health workers and insurance payments for private facilities. In September 2016 the Supreme Court ordered the closure of all sterilization camps within three years. In a case of suspected honor killing in Telangana, police found a lower-caste Dalit man M. Dalit rights organizations rejected the police contention that it was a case of suicide and asserted the family members of an upper-caste girl were involved in his death. On April 6, the Hyderabad High Court ordered another autopsy on the body following protests and allegations that a local member of parliament was involved in a cover-up operation. On June 26, the Supreme Court sought responses from the national government and the states of Gujarat, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, and Delhi following a public interest litigation petition seeking a ban on FGM/C.

[UALA was disbanded on June 9, 2016.] on January 17, 2018, Meghalaya DGP Dr. S.B. Singh also disclosed that Sohan D. Shira, ‘commander in chief’ of GNLA, was active and was shuffling between West Khasi Hills and South Garo Hills District of Meghalaya. The DGP stated that there were only nine or 10 trained GNLA cadres and four or five untrained cadres following Shira. Earlier, on December 19, 2017, the DGP had observed that although HNLC was a spent force; GNLA was still a matter of concern.
BSF Meghalaya is attempting to assist such misguided youths to quit the outfits and come back to the brain stream. BSF has also started initiatives for skill development and vocational training and remunerative amount post surrender. Taking advantage of his simplicity, innocence and economic situation, the HNLC lured Junel Tongper to join the outfit, and thereafter, exploited him for their unlawful activity and malafide intention. The surrendered militant said that he was a victim of  the militancy group and was misled by HNCL just like other underprivileged youth. The NATO summit will be held May at McCormick Place, and preparations for the meeting of global leaders have been intense.