Insurgency in Indias

The unemployment situation has lent an edge to the separatist tendency by creating numerous insurgent outfits in all the states of northeast India. Language/ethnicity, tribal rivalry, migration, control over local resources and a widespread feeling of exploitation and alienation have resulted in violence and diverse demands by various Indian Insurgent Groups . The demands vary from sovereignty in some cases to independent State or Homeland or simply better conditions for ethnic groups they claim to represent. The underground outfits indulge in violent and terror activities and intimidate people with arms in order to achieve their objectives / demands.

At least 20,000 ‘stateless’ Rohingyas, unclaimed either by Myanmar or Bangladesh, have escaped in the aftermath of one-sided riots and other outbreaks of ethnic violence that left about 1,50,000 people displaced. The violence in 2012 followed ethnic tensions between the indigenous Bodo people and Bengali-speaking Muslims. They also feel that because of their distinct facial features they are compared to the Chinese and other similar ethnic communities. The recent murder of a north-east student in Delhi has again highlighted this sensitive issue. The government has seized the issue and has formed a special committee headed by an MP from the North-east to see how such discrimination can be avoided.
We asked the people in the area what they want and then on their feedback we went ahead with the talks,” he said. It is believed that in 2013 alone, nearly 30,000-40,000 Rohingyas have infiltrated our country using the Bangladesh transit. The Bangladesh government has confirmed to New Delhi that terror groups like the Lashkar-e-Taiba have instigated Rohingyas to avenge last year’s sectarian violence in Myanmar. The rising Buddhist-Muslim tensions originating in Myanmar are causing political repercussions at the regional level, raising India’s security concerns. Over the past two years, the number of Rohingya Muslims coming into India has increased considerably. Most of them are reportedly taking shelter in Muslim-dominated areas in the country.

Compared to 2014, there has been an 80 per cent reduction in insurgency incidents in 2020. Similarly, in this period, casualties of security force personnel have come down by 75 per cent and civilian deaths by 99 per cent,” the MHA said. "The year 2019 and 2020 witnessed the lowest number of insurgency incidents and casualties of civilians and security forces during the last two decades. In comparison to the year 2014, there has been a reduction of 80 per cent in the incidents of insurgency in the year 2020," it said. The Ministry of Home Affairs on Sunday stated that tough steps taken against insurgency in the Northeast resulted in the surrender of 6,000 insurgents and an 80 per cent reduction in militancy-related incidents since 2014 when the Narendra Modi government came to power at the Centre. However, floating of such smaller ethnic insurgent groups serves two broad purposes for NSCN (I-M).
The CM further informed that the final demarcation of borders will be done after a survey is conducted in the area by the central authority Survey of India. “Political issues including insurgency and other issues related to North-East have been given due importance ,” said Sangma. The LeT is believed to be recruiting Rohingyas, offering to help them to seek revenge against the Buddhists through terrorist acts. The Union Home Ministry has decided to conduct a fresh census on the Rohingya Muslims following these reports. The outburst of fighting brought the total number of displaced since the beginning of the conflict to 1,00,000.

Unfortunately, Modi appears to personally support these policies and key constituencies are demanding the consolidation of a Hindu chauvinistic state. If the armed forces are deployed without the power of search and seizure, then their deployment is meaningless. Therefore, there is a need to continue with AFSPA but the forces must also be wary of human rights violations and must be accountable for their actions and behaviour towards the public. "Insurgent activities, especially in states like Assam, Nagaland, Manipur, Tripura and Meghalaya are increasing. The Union government has been fighting insurgency in the northeast for nearly five decades now," the deputy CM observed. The event was attended by state home minister Roshan Warjri, PWD minister Sniawbhalang Dhar, chief secretary W M S Pariat, DGP P J P Hanaman and other top government officials.
Accused individuals have a right to free legal assistance, including for their first hearing after arrest. The constitution specifies that the state should furnish legal aid to provide that opportunities for securing justice are not denied to any citizen by reason of economic or other disabilities, but authorities did not assess this need systematically. After independence, the Muslims of Kashmir led by Sheikh Mohammad Abdullah demanded the continuation of those restrictions. Through the time-tested tactics of gangsterism and with the encouragement of the Nehruvian clique, they bullied the Constituent Assembly and Indian State to incorporate those restrictions into the Constitution as Article 370.
The IAF had no option but to bomb the MNA insurgents by fighter squadrons operating from Kumbhirgram and Jorhat. It is believed that Rajesh Pilot and Suresh Kalmadi took part in the bombing missions. In 2020, there has been a steady decrease in insurgency related incidents and there has been no civilian death in the State. Mostly, Meitei insurgency is active in the state that resulted in killing of 07 insurgents by the SFs, arrest of 259 insurgents and recovery of 92 weapons in the State in 2020.

Under the peace agreement, the DNLA representatives have agreed to give up violence, surrender including the surrender of arms and ammunition. For the implementation of a Foundation Project by IFA under Productions, to create a series of photographs that examine notions of identity and contestations around questions of faith and nation-building among the Niam Khasi people. Through detailed field research, the project will problematise the monochromatic, linear narratives about the history of faith in Meghalaya, offering nuanced understandings of historical and contemporary debates within Meghalaya and in the Indian geopolitical context.
Security forces, including local police, often disrupted demonstrations and used excessive force when attempting to disperse protesters. In January 2016 the Bombay High Court addressed a two-fold rise in reported custodial death and police torture cases from 2014 to 2015 and directed the Maharashtra government to submit a report to the court. The court also criticized the government for its failure to install closed-circuit television cameras in police stations. In January the Maharashtra government allocated 27.5 million rupees ($440,000) to install closed-circuit television cameras in 25 of the 91 police stations in Mumbai in the first phase of implementation of a court order to install them in all police stations.

Attacks on schools by Maoists continued to affect children’s access to education in affected areas. There were continued reports on the use of schools as military barracks and bases. There were reports armed groups recruited children from schools in Chhattisgarh. The Chhattisgarh Special Public Security Act of 2005 allows police to detain a person without charge for as long as 90 days. Opponents argued the law, which authorizes detention of individuals with a “tendency to pose an obstacle to the administration of law,” infringed upon privacy and free speech.
For example, Garo National Liberation Army “commander-in-chief” Sohan D. Shira had ordered the closure of all dried fish markets in Williamnagar town in East Garo Hills District for non-payment of protection money the group had demanded. Other business owners, too, have received extortion notes but have refrained from giving any information to the police for fear of retribution from GNLA, said an analyst at the South Asia Terrorism Portal, who declined to be named due to security concerns. A week before the election, posters were pasted in Williamnagar that said, “Whoever votes Jonathan, this is gun and this is bullet,” with pictures of firearms and ammunition. During the investigation, police traced the posters to Deborah Marak, former Congress Party leader Tennydard Marak and certain GNLA leaders, Superintendent Marak said. Averting a major tragedy, Special Force-10 commandos on Tuesday recovered another Improvised Explosive Device left by the Garo National Liberation Army rebels in poll-bound Meghalaya's East Garo Hills district, police said. Krenilla Marak, the wife of Nationalist Congress Party candidate Jonathone N Sangma, who was killed in an IED blast last Sunday, said she will contest Meghalaya election from the Williamnagar constituency.

Since a large percentage of the educated are jobless, militancy becomes an attractive career option. According to the Police, "The insurgents appear to be anti-socials out to make fast money. If they had a committed agenda, they would have at least had a course of action. They operate and strike on the order of other northeastern militant groups." The purpose of this article is to understand the crisis in Meghalaya through a historical overview. In aid of this, it will first understand who the “Hynniewtrep” are – a word which has mobilized Khasi-Jaintia insurgents over the years. Alongside this, it will study the history of insurgency in Meghalaya to understand how matters came to a head on 15th August 2021. Second, it will analyze the main factors that have led to the instability in the state to comprehend how it fits into the larger instabilities in the Northeast.
The agreement enhances the autonomy for the Garo Hills Autonomous District and includes financial aid, which will facilitate the socio-economic and educational development of the area. On 10 December 2010, four GNLA rebels were killed five were detained in a clash with police officers that took place in the East Garo Hills district. Manipur, the rest of the North-East, and all of India are craving for peace,” it said in the statement. “Just trite photo opportunities between the Prime Minister, the Home Minister, and church leaders are not the solution. The Union Government has to decide whether it wants to create divisions to suit the interests of a political party, or whether it wants to create lasting unity and peace. The party further said there are serious issues of insurgency, land ownership, law and order which need to be addressed in a sensitive manner.