Refractance Window Drying and Its Applications in Food Processing

The anthocyanin content of blueberry concentrate powders prepared using RW were similar with and without use of drying aids. Anthocyanins are more stable when concentrated or dehydrated and their recovery during the spray drying process most likely improved due to the encapsulating effect of the rice polysaccharide. It appears that RW is a relatively inexpensive alternative to freeze drying for preparation of blueberry juice concentrate powder without addition of drying aids. Investigations are continuing to examine drying conditions that may improve the retention of anthocyanin pigments and other antioxidants in Northwest berries. Similarly, Lohachoompol et al. investigated the effect of cabinet drying on the anthocyanin content of blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) and discovered a 49% loss after drying. However, Joykumar Singh and Pandey studied a different aspect of cabinet drying and observed that the effective moisture diffusivity augmented with rising temperature.
The results showed that beef that was dried by roasting contained higher HAA contents, while deep-fried beef had the lowest HAA content. At the same time, the study found that spices inhibited the formation of HAA in air-dried Refractance Window Dryer meat products and that dried meat from Chinese yellow cattle had higher levels of HAA compared to dried Aberdeen Angus cattle and Chinese yak meat . Table 1 summarizes the type of dried meat according to their drying methods.

Where ES denotes specific energy consumption (kJ/kg), E denotes total energy consumption , and M represents the weight of moisture reduced from the samples . Variations in the contents of few, less prominent metabolites such as crocetin esters of high glycosylation pattern or cis-isomers are more likely to be indicative of the drying effects. The overall findings were combined to insightfully evaluate the observations from an unsupervised analysis of FTIR spectroscopic fingerprints, as discussed below. Noticeably, MWD5-360 corresponding to the highest-sample loading treatment that required longer exposure time and overall MW energy exhibited the highest E1%330 value (40 ± 2 units).
& Aragón-Rojas, S. Evaluation of probiotic potential of lactic acid bacteria to reduce in vitro cholesterol. & Kourkoutas, Y. Effective survival of immobilized Lactobacillus casei during ripening and heat treatment of probiotic dry-fermented sausages and investigation of the microbial dynamics. Where N represents the cell density at time in seconds, N0 and Nf are the initial and final cell density respectively, k the maximum inactivation rate constant and L is the parameter time . The culture medium was prepared with 8% sweet whey and 0.22% yeast, and it was adjusted to pH 5.5 and sterilized at 121 °C for 15 min.
Investigation of novel technologies such as Refractance Window drying is needed to support production of the healthiest fruit products possible. Total anthocyanin contents analyzed by pH-differential method were from 41.2 to 46.3 Abs/g for RW dried blueberry with and without drying aid and 47.52 Abs/g for freeze dried counterpart. A spray-dried blueberry powder that was formulated with rice oligodextrin showed an absorbance of 61.7 Abs/g.

Influence of selected washing treatments and drying temperatures ... Effect of drying temperatures on the proximate composition and ... Enrichment of durum wheat pasta with legume flour enhances their protein and essential amino acid content, especially lysine content.
Full Text Available Moisture and its variation in wood chips make the control of burning in small scale heating appliances difficult resulting in emissions and loss of efficiency. Identified by electro-spray ionisation mass spectrometry potentially formed complexes with radionuclides. Resulting from sewage sludge gasification require a separate process for their treatment or disposal due to their considerable  loading with toxic and hazardous organic compounds (phenols and their derivatives. And the variation in the effective mass diffusivity proved to be more adequate to describe the process. Comparison of in situ dry matter degradation parameters with in vitro ...

African ... Fermentation medium consists of 15-35% (w/w) sweet sorghum powder, micronutrients and active yeast inoculum from 0.5-1% (w/w) by submerge fermentation method. The fermentation time and temperature were hours and 30 deg, respectively.
This low relative humidity removes moisture from the materials. As air moves through the material bed it absorbs moisture. Meat color is dependent on many animal factors and muscle type .
Monitoring of multiple solvent induced form changes during high shear wet granulation and drying processes using online Raman spectroscopy. Fast freeze- drying cycle design and optimization using a PAT based on the measurement of product temperature . The effect of pigment matrix, temperature and amount of carrier on the yield and final color properties of spray dried purple corn (Zea mays L.) cob anthocyanin powders.

Solid form analysis by high throughput X-ray powder diffraction indicated comparable polymorphic outcome independent of the container. Catalytic dry reforming of waste plastics from different waste treatment plants for production of synthesis gases. Micronutrient mineral and folate content of Australian and imported dried fruit products . The influence of microwave-assisted drying techniques on the rehydration behavior of blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum L.). Studies on generalized kinetic model and Pareto optimization of a product -driven self-cycling bioprocess.
The equilibrium moisture content in the hydrated samples ranged from 24 to 29 g water/g solid. These results suggested the high water absorption capacity of the dehydrated A. Vera gel, since the moisture content in the fresh state was 111 g water/g solid. When comparing these results with those of Vega-Gálvez et al. for the drying of A. Vera gel with hot air at 60 °C and later rehydration, it was found that the aloe gel dried by RW had a higher  water absorption capacity in a shorter process time, which may be evidence that the A.

The model parameters k, n, and a were determined by fitting the curve. The determination coefficient was utilized to evaluate the experimental data's fit . The model with the least possible RMSE and chi-square χ2 and the uppermost R2 was chosen as the best fit for sweet potato thin layer drying characteristics.